10/6/2023 0 Comments Triangular tessellation creator![]() The tessellation, along with shaders such as a Phong shader, allows for producing smoother surfaces than would be generated by the original mesh. The tessellator generates a triangle-based tessellation of the patch according to tessellation parameters such as the TessFactor, which controls the degree of fineness of the mesh. In Direct3D 11 pipeline (a part of DirectX 11), the graphics primitive is the patch. In previously leading realtime techniques such as parallax mapping and bump mapping, surface details could be simulated at the pixel level, but silhouette edge detail was fundamentally limited by the quality of the original dataset. In graphics rendering Ī key advantage of tessellation for realtime graphics is that it allows detail to be dynamically added and subtracted from a 3D polygon mesh and its silhouette edges based on control parameters (often camera distance). Especially for real-time rendering, data is tessellated into triangles, for example in OpenGL 4.0 and Direct3D 11. In computer graphics, tessellation is the dividing of datasets of polygons (sometimes called vertex sets) presenting objects in a scene into suitable structures for rendering. Patch.vertex * barycentricCoordinates.x + patch.vertex * barycentricCoordinates.Computer graphics terminology A simple tessellation pipeline rendering a smooth sphere from a crude cubic vertex set using a subdivision method The X, Y, and Z coordinates determine the weights of the first, second, and third control points. To find the position of this vertex, we have to interpolate across the original triangle domain, using the barycentric coordinates. įloat3 barycentricCoordinates : SV_DomainLocation Inside the function, we have to generate the final vertex data. OutputPatch patch, float3 barycentricCoordinates : SV_DomainLocation They have the SV_DomainLocation semantic. To make this possible, the domain function is invoked once per vertex and is provided the barycentric coordinates for it. It's up to the domain shader to use those coordinates to derive the final vertices. Instead, it comes up with barycentric coordinates for those vertices. While the tessellation stage determines how the patch should be subdivided, it doesn't generated any new vertices. TessellationFactors factors, OutputPatch patch The domain program is fed the tessellation factors that were used, as well as the original patch, which is of type OutputPatch in this case. We signal this again via the UNITY_domain attribute. Shader "Custom/Tessellation" īoth the hull and domain shader act on the same domain, which is a triangle. Duplicate that shader, rename it to Tessellation Shader and adjust its menu name. To clearly see that triangles get subdivided, we'll make use of the Flat Wireframe Shader. ![]() Let's put the code that we'll need in its own file, MyTessellation.cginc, with its own include guard. The first step is to create a shader that has tessellation enabled. We're going to need a hull program and domain program. But it's not as simple as adding just one other program to our shader. This stage sits in between the vertex and the fragment shader stages. We cannot control that, but there's also a tessellation stage that we are allowed to configure. It does this for various reasons, for example when part of a triangle ends up clipped. The GPU is capable of splitting up triangles fed to it for rendering. This makes it possible to add more details to geometry, though in this tutorial we'll focus on the tessellation process itself. In our case, we're going to subdivide triangles so we end up with smaller triangles that cover the same space. Tessellation is the art of cutting things into smaller parts. If you don't have enough triangles, make some more. This tutorial is made with Unity 2017.1.0. It uses the Flat and Wireframe Shading tutorial as a basis. This tutorial covers how to add support for tessellation to a custom shader.
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10/6/2023 0 Comments Macos 11![]() Our products may be considered "supported" for an operating system, but will not be functional until software support is also available. Many of our products are dependent on software for all functionality and control while the device is connected to a computer. Software versions confirmed to be supported below are the minimum versions required for full software support on macOS Monterey and M1 processors.Īny Akai Pro software not listed below is not considered to be supported with macOS 11 Big Sur systems or M1 Processors at this time. Software support confirms testing passed for software installation and key functionality. M1 Pro and M1 Max processors are still in testing and should be considered not supported until further notice. MacOS 11 Big Sur Software Support SoftwareĪll compatibility testing for macOS 11 Big Sur is performed on Intel and base-level M1 processors. Please refer to our article here for access to the download and update instructions.Īudio interfaces/Drum Machines/Synthesizers Product *** All MPK249 and MPK261 keyboards will require a firmware update to be compatible with M1/M2 processors. ** Software Editors and other software tools are not currently supported ![]() See below for VIP software compatibility. Supported (requires firmware update v1.02)*** Click the lock again when you are finished in order to save your changes. Note: you may need to click the lock icon in the bottom left-hand corner and enter your password before you can make any changes. Then, select Screen Recording on the left-hand side and do the same. Select Accessibility on the left-hand side and check off all boxes for "Displaylink". Navigate to macOS System Preferences > Security and Privacy > Privacy (tab at top). The MPC Touch Displaylink driver will require activating additional permissions in order to work properly on macOS Big Sur. *** Requires drivers found in the MPC 2.11.4 software package installer for support with M1 processors. ** Requires firmware 3.0.6 or higher available from your inMusic profile after registration * Requires MPC 2.10.0.83 software package and drivers or higher accessible from your inMusic profile after registration Hardware support confirms testing passed for USB connection, as well as audio and/or MIDI communication.Īny product not listed below is not considered to be supported with macOS 11 Big Sur systems or M1 Processors at this time.
10/6/2023 0 Comments Celebs who wear rails clothingSo, on that note, shop our pick of the most stylish clothes rails for your home. Donald Trump is male celebrities who wear wigs. Let's face it, there's nothing more satisfying than hanging your clothes on a trendy rail and organising them by category and colour to boost your bedroom's appeal. Modern clothes racks are hugely aesthetic, too. Check out her casual all-black outfit, perfect for a random day out in the fall. We've even included foldable options that you can simply pack away when you want to free up floor space. Jessica Chastain has previously wowed us with her style, glamour, and beautiful outfits on all occasions. They're also great for easy access (and showing off!) your favourite seasonal items of clothing, giving you space in your wardrobe to pack your winter coats away.Ĭlothing rails are generally portable, too, with many designs having wheels so you can rearrange your room for good feng shui whenever you please. They're particularly useful for storing garments like dresses and suits that need to be hung to maintain their shape. Of course, a clothes rack is an ideal solution if you're looking for extra storage and don't want to fork out on an expensive new wardrobe. ![]() And it varies by style too: think boho-inspired rattan clothes rails, industrial clothes racks and pretty swirled rails for lovers of all things traditional. No matter the size of your space, there are tonnes of trendy clothes rack options to choose from, whether that be small clothing rails for compact spaces or multifunctional racks with shelves. Shop our latest womens designer clothing at Rails for a selection of the latest womenswear in this seasons newest, effortless & classic styles. 10/6/2023 0 Comments Affinity photoshop plugins![]() Software Age: Photoshop is older and has a larger user base, but Affinity Photo is a more modern software. ![]() Tutorials: Both Affinity Photo and Photoshop have abundant tutorials and learning resources available. Interface: Affinity Photo has a more modern and user-friendly interface divided into personas for different tasks.Īuto Selection: Photoshop has better AI-enhanced auto selection tools, giving it an advantage in this area. Affinity Photo 2 also supports some Photoshop plugins, like the RCAstro Gradient Xterminator, which can be a lifesaver for images with uneven sky backgrounds, usually a result of light pollution. I really like Affinity very much, much more than Photoshop, but if it stays out Affinity, the difference will become too big and it will run far behind. IPad Versions: Both Affinity Photo and Photoshop have capable versions for the iPad. However, if there are no AI plug-ins coming for Affinity and it will not be integrated like Adobe, than it might for me a reason to move back to Photoshop. ON1, developers of photo editing software applications and plugins for photographers, announce the all-new 2023 ON1 Professional Plugin Series, including huge updates to ON1 Effects and ON1 NoNoise AI. Like all the best Photoshop plugins, ON1 Effects also works as a standalone application. Smart Objects: Photoshop has better and more intuitive support for smart objects. The 2023 ON1 Plugins Get a Big Boost with AI. Not only does it work with Photoshop, but it works in Adobe Lightroom, Capture One, Affinity Photo, and Apple Photos. All Photoshop plugins and scripts are personally developed and. Price: Affinity Photo is a one-time purchase, whereas Photoshop requires a recurring subscription, making Affinity Photo more cost-effective. Passionate about black and white photography and printing. However, you might need to re-install Nik Collection Plugins and set it up. PSD File Support: Photoshop has better support for its native PSD format, while Affinity Photo has limited compatibility with PSD files.īrush Tool: Both Affinity Photo and Photoshop have capable brush engines, but Affinity Photo has an edge with its live preview feature. You can get Photoshop Plugins, like Nik Collection to work with Affinity Photo. Live Preview: Affinity Photo has a live preview feature for various tools, which is more convenient compared to Photoshop. Video summary by section: (I found these generally accurate) A professional may find enough value in Photoshop to justify the price, but that said, I know that many pros use Affinity, too. Photoshop Plugins are one of the hidden features of the photo editor that many designers fail to notice. The following image shows how the Affinity Photo. ![]() I barely scratch the full feature set of Affinity, much less needing all that Photoshop offers. Select the GmicPlugin.8bf file and the gmic folder and copy it to the Affinity Photo default plugins folder. For me, Affinity is a great fit, especially for the price. The 3-year ownership cost of Affinity is 1/10th the cost of Photoshop. ![]() In the wake of an outbreak of coronavirus that began in China in 2019, Harvard T.H. ![]() It is unclear how work-from-home guidance would affect Christmas parties, but any such ban would likely go down very badly in the wake of the current scandal.For the Harvard Chan community: Find the latest updates, guidance, useful information, and resources about Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) here. You can also order paper versions if you cannot access the app. The NHS app would be used to display the passes, as it is for travel. ![]() Proof of a negative lateral flow test taken in the last 48 hours could also be valid, meaning those who are not double jabbed may not be locked out of large events. You may not necessarily have to be fully vaccinated to be able to use a vaccine pass. “In the New Year we’re likely to see a lot of challenges and that could mean more stringent measures.” “The travel restrictions are only going to slow things down a little, they’re not going to stop it. “What happens after Christmas is another matter,” he told Sky News. Professor Sir David Spiegelhalter, a statistician at the University of Cambridge who helps advise the Government, said the new Covid strain poses a “high risk” but believes ministers are determined “not to disrupt Christmas”. “Clearly if you’re a vulnerable person, and if you’ve not been vaccinated or you’ve not had your booster then think twice about maybe going to the office party, that sort of thing, but in terms of the Christmas Day and surrounding days, I don’t think that is really under threat.” So personally, I don’t think the primary focus of the Christmas break where you meet with your family on Christmas Day, Boxing Day is under threat. “Often respiratory viruses like Covid spread less rapidly through society while we’re on our Christmas break than they do at other times. He told BBC Breakfast last week: “The thing about Christmas Day itself is that when we meet with our families, we actually interact with fewer people over the Christmas break than we do in our normal working week. Paul Hunter, professor in medicine at the University of East Anglia, said he does not think Christmas is under threat. “That doesn’t seem like a lot, but it actually is potentially a lot in terms of allowing us to characterise this virus better and boost population immunity.”Īnd on the possibility of another lockdown, he added: “It certainly might be possible at the current time.” “So, if you imagine a kind of Plan B-plus with working from home might slow it down – it wouldn’t stop it but it could slow it down, so it’s doubling rather than every two or three days, every five or six days. On working from home guidance, he said: “There is a rationale, just epidemiologically, to try and slow this down, to buy us more time principally to get boosters into people’s arms, because we do think people who are boosted will have the best level of protection possible, but also to buy us more time to really better characterise the threat. “We’ll start seeing an impact on overall case numbers – it’s still probably only 2-3 per cent of all cases so it’s kind of swamped, but within a week or two, we’ll start seeing overall case numbers accelerate quite markedly as well.” “It’s likely to overtake Delta before Christmas at this rate, precisely when is hard to say. Professor Ferguson, whose data was instrumental to the UK going into lockdown in March 2020, told BBC Radio 4’s Today programme on Wednesday: “Certainly case numbers of Omicron are doubling at least every three days, maybe even every two days at the moment, so it’s accelerating very fast and, to put that in context, it’s the same if not faster than we saw with the original strain of the virus in March of last year. “But some companies might normally bring hundreds of people in from around the world to a big party, and they may decide, this year, is that sensible given the pandemic and given where we are?” What have scientists said? “For many small businesses, four or five staff, who are working together every day anyway, gathering to have a drink isn’t a big step up in risk. Energy minister George Freeman told Sky News his department has already cancelled its Christmas party.Īsked if he thought other businesses should follow suit, he said: “It slightly depends on the nature of the business. 10/6/2023 0 Comments 1oz silver coins value![]() The main chart also gives you the ability to view the current silver price per kilo instead of per ounce, and the current silver price in various currencies other than the U.S. These silver prices depict the spot silver price, which is the price at which silver may be delivered on right now. On this page you will find silver prices per ounce. When you return to the cookie will be retrieved from your machine and the values placed into the calculator.Ī range of other useful gold and silver calculators can be found on our Calculators page Pressing the button will place a cookie on your machine containing the information you entered into the Holdings Calculator. If your browser is configured to accept Cookies you will see a button at the bottom of the Holdings Calculator. ![]() The spot price of Gold per Troy Ounce and the date and time of the price is shown below the calculator. Totals for Gold and Silver holdings including the ratio percent of gold versus silver will be calculated. The Current and Future Gain/Loss will be calculated. Optionally enter number amounts for Purchase Price and/or Future Value per unit of weight chosen. The Current Value for the amount entered is shown. The current price per unit of weight and currency will be displayed on the right. If you wish to select a currency other than USD for the Silver holdings calculator. NOTE: You must select a currency for gold first, even if you don't enter a value for gold holdings. Select Ounce, Gram or Kilogram for the weight. The silver traded on the stock exchange is worth around 17 million US dollars in total.The Holdings Calculator permits you to calculate the current value of your gold and silver.Įnter a number Amount in the left text field. The most important trading venues for silver are the New York Mercantile Exchange (COMEX), the Tokyo Commodity Exchange, the Chicago Board of Trade and the London Bullion Market. Silver is also produced in China, Poland, Russia, Canada and the USA. The most important producers of silver are Mexico, Peru and Australia. The price of silver has been increasing steadily for several years since the supply of silver cannot meet the high and constant demand. In 2007, 23 per cent of the world’s output of silver was processed as industrial metal in the American industry, 16 per cent in India and Japan, and 7 per cent in Italy. Because silver kills bacteria and other microbes, it is also required in food technology and pharmaceutics. It is worked into items of jewelry or items of everyday use such as cutlery but is also used in electrical engineering and photography. The white precious metal is used in many industries. Until the 20th century silver was more important than gold. This is why silver has a particularly high political and economic significance among the precious metals. The Greeks produced the first silver coins and used them as a means of payment. Silver has been used for money since the 6th century B.C. Silver was also referred to by the Egyptians as “lunar metal”. Back then, silver could still be found on the earth’s surface or at shallow depths, meaning that no complex extraction was required. and was already processed by the people living at that time. Silver has been known since about the 5th millennium B.C. As a result only around 20,000 tonnes of silver are obtained each year. In nature, silver ores are frequently permeated by lead ores. Around 70 per cent of silver production occurs during copper, lead and zinc extraction. In its pure form the white precious metal is even rarer than gold. Silver frequently occurs during the extraction of base metals. 10/6/2023 0 Comments Green machine juicer![]() Juice from centrifugal juicers typically also contains more foam, which is why something like the Breville’s built-in froth separator comes in handy. They’re the best bet for making lots of juice in a short period of time, but you’ll also need to drink your yield more quickly the juice from centrifugal models separates and oxidation happens more rapidly. ![]() This is because centrifugal juicers feature sharp metal teeth that shred produce while spinning rapidly. The mechanical whirring can make it sound like the machine is going to take off into space. But they are more expensive as well.Ĭentrifugal juicers are fast and loud, and like the best blenders get by on a combination of speed and power. Some slow juicers have smaller feed tubes, so you’ll have to prep your ingredients a bit more beforehand, but because there is no heat or fast-moving parts, the resulting juice has less foam and stays fresh for slightly longer. Slow juicers are quieter, easier to clean, and usually slightly smaller than centrifugal juicers. masticating or cold-press juicers) take longer than centrifugal juicers to break down produce because the juicing process uses an internal mechanism moving at low-speed to manually crush and squeeze each piece as it passes through rather than tearing it to bits. Knowing the difference will help you determine which style of juicer is best for your home kitchen’s needs. ![]() In shopping for juicers, you will notice that vertical machines are one of two types of juicer: slow (sometimes called “cold press”) or centrifugal. ![]() And it’s much easier to clean than any of the centrifugal models – just a quick rinse under running water will wash off any lingering fruit or vegetable matter. With fewer, smaller parts, it’s easy to maneuver, store, assemble, and break down with just a few clicks. And if you wanted to juice carrots or ginger for a recipe, for example, you likely wouldn’t need more than 2 or 3 cups of liquid anyway. But this small-size tradeoff is more of an asset for us, especially if you expect to use a juicer only occasionally. The Ninja Never Clog has a much smaller footprint than most juicers, and indeed is more appropriately designed for single glasses of juice than whipping up a big batch for a crowd. You can find centrifugal juicers for cheaper than the Ninja, but they won’t be as easy to use and clean, or yield such delicious, smooth-textured juices. If you’re not planning to go all in on a more expensive juicer or you’re a juicing beginner who can see the merits of using one for the occasional glass of juice or cocktail prep, the Ninja Never Clog Cold Press Juicer is an excellent one to add to your arsenal. This makes juicing fibrous vegetables and herbs like carrots and celery much more efficient without jamming or clogging.The best budget juicer: The Ninja Never Clog Cold Press Juicer The twin gears mesh together at a clearance of a mere 0.1mm to gently crush, squeeze, and grind juice out from produce. The twin gears work much more efficiently than blades, augers, or rotors. The integrated ceramic panel and magnet in the juice container also help to retain the nutrients and enzymes in juice for a longer period of time (up to 72 hours). They also help to retain the flavours, nutrients and enzymes in the ingredients that the juicer process. The Green Power Juicer is designed with bioceramic powder and powerful Neodymium magnets with 4,200 Gauss in its twin gears, juice container, and pusher. *the attachment for this is only included with the Plus model FEATURES Tough ingredients such as wheatgrass, barley grass, pine needles and aloe leaves* Leafy greens including kale, parsley, spinach, cabbage Hard vegetables such as celery, carrots, peppers, ginger, and radishes. With the Plus model, you also get extra attachments for juicing tough ingredients such as wheatgrass and pine needles, and for making pasta or noodles.įruits including watermelon, pineapple, grapes, and oranges The Green Power Juicer comes ready with a range of attachments, including separate screens and pushers for use with fruits and vegetables. * See also our top of the range Angel Juicer which produces 30% more juice The Green offers an entry level twin gear Cold Press option. The Green Power Juicer is designed for high quality juicing. 10/6/2023 0 Comments Rar converter to mp4 free download![]() Protein is essential for maintaining and gaining muscle mass. By limiting carb consumption to this degree, many people will lose a considerable amount of water weight as well. In general, carbs should remain low because they will prevent you from entering into ketosis and getting all of the benefits of the keto diet. If you’d like to learn more about the macronutrients, check out our guide to macros.ĭepending on the info that you enter into our keto calculator, you will get different ratios of fat, protein, and carbs. The proportion of weight you lose as fat, muscle, and water depends heavily upon the macronutrient content of your diet (i.e., how much fat, protein, and carbohydrates you eat). By manipulating your calorie consumption, you will predictably change the numbers on the scale, but whether or not those numbers reflect a strong bias toward fat loss depends on the other numbers from your keto macro calculator results.įat, muscle, and water can all be lost and gained during the course of your diet. Notice that I am saying “weight” loss and “weight” gain rather than “fat” loss and gain. Conversely, eating more calories than you need to maintain your weight (which is also known as a calorie surplus) will cause you to gain weight. ![]() If you eat fewer calories than you need to maintain your weight (which is also known as a calorie deficit) then you will lose weight. Calorie intake is one of the most critical variables to be aware of when you are trying to change your body composition. Simply put, a calorie is a basic unit of energy that helps us understand how much energy we can potentially get from the food we eat. Enjoy all of the benefits of keto dieting and ketosisĪfter you entered all of your data and calculated your macros, you will get results that look something like this:.Stop guessing how much you should be eating.Stay on track with your keto diet (especially if you track your macros as well).Significantly increase your chances of getting the results you want.If you’d like to learn how to use these apps for the keto diet, read through our carb (and calorie) tracking guide.īy using our keto calculator, you will find out how much of each macronutrient (i.e., fat, protein, and carbs) you need to eat so that you can: To help you stay on track to meeting your macro needs, we recommend using a calorie tracking app like MyFitnessPal or Cronometer. It will provide you with estimates for the fat, protein, carbs, and calories you should consume each day to get the results you want. One of the most efficient and effective ways to diet is by using a macronutrient calculator, like the keto calculator, as a guide for how much you should eat. However, following the diet in this way can increase your likelihood of hitting a weight loss plateau and not knowing what to do next. Simply by eating keto foods and cutting out the carbs, most people will eat fewer calories than usual and start losing weight consistently. 10/6/2023 0 Comments Sas studioThis integration enables features like program history, compare differences, commit, and more. ![]() Also, SAS Enterprise Guide can recognize when you reference programs that are managed in an external Git repository. You can use this feature without having to set up any external Git servers or repositories. SAS Enterprise Guide supports built-in Git repository support for SAS programs that are stored in your project file. This isn't new, but I'll include it for completeness. You can try this with a collection of SAS-supplied custom tasks, available here as part of our "Custom Tasks Tuesday" series. You can configure this in the Task Repositories pane of the Preferences window. Read more about setup and use in the SAS Studio documentation Add SAS Studio custom tasks from Gitĭid you know that you can add custom tasks to SAS Studio? And that you can share these tasks in a central location using Git? This feature has been available for several releases. You'll see the Git content set apart with a special icon, indicating that it's managed in Git. Once configured, you can add repositories to your SAS Studio session, fetch the latest versions of files, stage new files, commit files, and see history. This integration requires a bit of set up to allow SAS Studio to connect to your repository "as you" using the standard mechanism of SSH public/private keys. Or, see this very detailed SAS communities article, with a tutorial video included! Using Git in SAS Studioīeginning with SAS Studio 3.8, you can manage your SAS programs in a Git repository. See the documentation for details: How to use the Git plug-in for SAS Data Integration Studio. By popular request, the latest version of SAS Data Integration Studio adds support for a Git plug-in. SAS Data Integration Studio has supported source control integration for many years, but only for CVS and Subversion (still in wide use, but they aren't media darlings like GitHub). You could use the other GITFN functions to stage and commit the output from your SAS jobs, including log files, data sets, ODS results - whatever you need to keep and version. ![]() %include "&repoPath./rng_example_thanos.sas" * Fetch latest code from GitHub */ data _null_ %let repoPath = %sysfunc ( getoption (WORK ) )/sas-dummy-blog Here's an example program that clones (that is, copies into a local space) a repository that contains code samples from my blog: You can learn about the SAS functions from the SAS documentation - including important details about how to connect SAS to Git. This handbook provided by GitHub is friendly and easy to read. If you're new to Git, you'll need to learn the terms that go with the commands: clone, repo, commit, stage, blame, and more. The function names make sense if you're familiar with Git lingo. Pushes the committed files in the local repository to the remote repository. Returns the number of diffs between two commits in the local repository and creates a diff record object for the local repository. Here's a partial list: GITFN_CLONEĬlones a Git repository (for example, from GitHub) into a directory on the SAS server.Ĭommits staged files to the local repository The new SAS functions all have the helpful prefix of "GITFN_" (signifying "Git fun!", I assume). Git infrastructure and functions were added to SAS 9.4 Maintenance 6. Watch related webinar: Using SAS® With Git: Bring a DevOps Mindset to Your SAS® Code SAS functions for Git You can use this Git integration with any service that supports Git (GitHub, GitLab, etc.), or with your own private Git servers and even just local Git repositories. I've recorded a tutorial (12 minutes or so) that you can watch to learn how to get started quickly! ![]() SAS Studio (v3.8 for SAS 9.4, and SAS Viya 3.5 and later).SAS Data Integration Studio, via a new source control plugin.the Base SAS programming language, via a collection of SAS functions.In response, SAS has added Git integration to more SAS products, including: Automation is a key component for production work - including check-in, check-out, commit, and rollback. Since then, Git (and GitHub) have grown to play an even larger role in data science operations and DevOps in general. In 2014, SAS developers added built-in Git support for SAS Enterprise Guide. ![]() And there are countless products that embed Git for its versioning and collaboration features. There are other free and for-pay services that use Git, like Bitbucket and GitLab. Git was originally built to help developers collaborate on Linux (yet another famous open source project) - but now we all use it for all types of projects. The underpinnings of GitHub are based on Git, which is itself an open-source implementation of a source management system. It seems that everyone knows about GitHub - the service that hosts many popular open source code projects. 10/6/2023 0 Comments Colossal cave adventure tourIn 1972, Patricia led the expedition that found a connection between Mammoth Cave and the larger Flint Ridge Cave System. Crowther and his ex-wife Patricia were both programmers and cavers and had extensively explored Mammoth Cave in Kentucky, the longest cave system in the world, in the early 1970s as part of the Cave Research Foundation. Development Crowther's original version William Crowther in 2012 Teleprinter computer terminalĬolossal Cave Adventure was originally created by William Crowther in 19. The ultimate goal is to earn the maximum number of points-350, in the 1977 version-which involves finding all the treasures in the game and safely leaving the cave. It also adds a points system, whereby completing certain goals earns a predetermined number of points. The 1977 version of the game, upon which later versions were based, adds ten more treasures and more fantasy elements. ![]() The player can die by falling into a pit or being killed by the dwarves, but otherwise the game has no ending or goal beyond finding the treasures. Although it is based on a real cave system, it contains a few fantasy elements such as a crystal bridge, magic words, and axe-wielding dwarves. The original 1976 version of the game contains five treasures which can be collected. The program's replies are typically in a humorous, conversational tone, much as a Dungeon Master would use in leading players in a tabletop role-playing game. If it does not understand the player's commands, it asks for the player to retype their actions. The program acts as a narrator, describing to the player their location in the cave and the results of certain actions. There are dozens of rooms, each of which has a name such as "Debris Room" and a description, and may contain objects or obstacles. The allowable commands are contextual to the location, or room, the player is in for example, "get lamp" only has an effect if there is a lamp present. The player types in one- or two-word commands to move their character through the cave system, interact with objects in the cave, pick up items to put into their inventory, and perform other actions. The player must explore the cave system and solve puzzles by using items that they find to obtain the treasures and leave the cave. Gameplay Colossal Cave Adventure running on a PDP-11/34 with a monitor, showing the point systemĬolossal Cave Adventure is a text-based adventure game wherein the player explores a mysterious cave that is rumored to be filled with treasure and gold. It has been noted as one of the most influential video games, and in 2019 was inducted into the World Video Game Hall of Fame by The Strong and the International Center for the History of Electronic Games. It also influenced the creation of the MUD and computer role-playing game genres. It directly inspired the creation of numerous games, including Zork (1977), Adventureland (1978), Mystery House (1980), Rogue (1980), and Adventure (1980), which went on to be the foundations of the interactive fiction, adventure, roguelike, and action-adventure genres. ![]() Both versions, typically played over teleprinters connected to mainframe computers, were spread around the nascent ARPANET, the precursor to the Internet, which Crowther was involved in developing.Ĭolossal Cave Adventure was one of the first teletype games and was massively popular in the computer community of the late 1970s, with numerous ports and modified versions being created based on Woods's source code. Woods's version expanded the game in size and increased the number of fantasy elements present in it, such as a dragon and magic spells. The original game, written in 19, was based on Crowther's maps and experiences caving in Mammoth Cave in Kentucky, the longest cave system in the world further, it was intended, in part, to be accessible to non-technical players, such as his two daughters. It is the first well-known example of interactive fiction, as well as the first well-known adventure game, for which it was also the namesake. The program acts as a narrator, describing the player's location and the results of the player's attempted actions. The game is composed of dozens of locations, and the player moves between these locations and interacts with objects in them by typing one- or two-word commands which are interpreted by the game's natural language input system. In the game, the player explores a cave system rumored to be filled with treasure and gold. ![]() It was expanded upon in 1977 by Don Woods. Colossal Cave Adventure (also known as Adventure or ADVENT) is a text-based adventure game, released in 1976 by developer Will Crowther for the PDP-10 mainframe computer. |
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